Global warming describes the observed increase in Earth average surface temperature, primarily caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases. This warming drives broader climate changes affecting weather patterns, ecosystems, and human societies worldwide.
The Science of Global Warming
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth atmosphere, warming the planet. Human activities—primarily burning fossil fuels—have increased atmospheric CO2 by 50% since pre-industrial times, raising global temperatures by approximately 1.2°C.
Evidence of Warming
Temperature records, melting ice, rising seas, and shifting ecosystems all confirm global warming. The evidence comes from thermometers, satellites, ice cores, tree rings, and countless other sources painting a consistent picture.
Causes and Contributors
Fossil fuel combustion for electricity, transportation, and industry produces most greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation, agriculture, and industrial processes also contribute. Understanding sources helps target emission reductions.
Impacts and Consequences
Global warming causes more extreme weather, rising sea levels, ecosystem disruption, and threats to food and water security. Impacts grow more severe with each increment of warming, underscoring the importance of limiting temperature rise.
Solutions and Responses
Addressing global warming requires transitioning to clean energy, improving efficiency, protecting forests, and adapting to unavoidable changes. International cooperation through the Paris Agreement coordinates global response.